Posts Tagged ‘craft of piano method’

monkeys, thumbs, rotation and piano technique

Wednesday, January 27th, 2010

I’m visiting for a few days at my friend and colleague Jens Schlichting’s studio near Heidelberg where I will be giving a master class next month (last weekend in February). He’s been telling me about some of the posts on one of the German piano forums which are rather amusing. Apparently there has been a big kafuffle because I say in my film that monkeys cannot oppose their thumbs, but actually some of them can. Some people on this forum are ready to dismiss my whole approach because I got that one detail wrong. Some ask why am I talking about monkeys at all  because monkeys obviously have nothing to do with playing piano!

Actually, whether the statement is accurate or not, I said it to make a valid point – that thumb opposition is a key hand function, and that although it doesn’t appear to apply to piano technique (the keyboard is flat, how could you grasp it?), the function is actually present virtually all the time we play.

Finally one scientist wrote in with a detailed list: many monkeys can’t oppose their thumbs at all, some can to a certain extent – one species can oppose 17 degrees, another 28 degrees, another 35… but none of them can do as much as humans. He was really great, extremely precise and complete in his account. So as it turns out, I was indeed more or less right when I said it in the film!

Jens also mentioned his gym teacher who told him to “grasp the parallel bars not like monkeys, thumb and fingers together, but to oppose the thumb.” Again, whether monkeys can oppose or not, they do use their hands differently in one of their fundamental actions…

Fun and games…

I am reminded of a similar “missing the point” in a couple of emails from pianists who’ve said, “When I rotate my hand sideways I can’t stretch an octave, my hand is too small!” And I’ve had to spell it out for them in my response: “Yes, but could you reach a larger interval than you can with your fingers splayed horizontally the way we usually do?”

“Oh yeah!”

How about that?

AFF

Tailor your approach to the student’s organization in piano technique

Sunday, December 20th, 2009

The other day one of my students who is by  now already VERY familiar with all my ideas about hand activation, structural function etc, brought me Chopin Op. 10 #5 (the Black Key etude) and yet again he had no real sound, the playing was uneven, his thumb chronically raised and tense. I obviously needed another strategy to help him get what he already knows.

I squatted down on my haunches and started trying to walk around the room – with some difficulty of course. I told him, “This is your fingers on the keyboard.” I then very slowly and dramatically straightened my legs to raise myself to full height. “This is what they need to do as they play. On each and every note your finger should feel this inside it.”

He instantly got it. His sound improved, the musical flow suddenly had a sparkling, vivacious regularity and verve,  and his hands suddenly looked capable.

I reinforced the visual image by standing near a wall, beginning to lean towards it until I was falling towards it, then catching myself by sticking my arm out against the wall and straightening it to push myself upright again. I was like a pendulum but with my feet attached to the floor and my upper body swinging, my arm pushing against the wall each time to swing me upright.

This image helps because it is more fluid – I’m not continuously attached to the object I’m pushing against, but refresh the feeling of ‘push’  each time I come into contact with it. Perhaps this is a little closer to the state of affairs in our fingers as we play…

I told him not to play fast for now but to only go as quickly as he could while maintaining this tangible inner ‘feel’ of standing up on each note, of pushing up from the key bottom on each attack. This was great because it stopped him feeling that his attacks were physically ‘down’ into each key; instead each attack became filled with a vital ‘up’ feeling. The ‘down’ generally contains an insidious hidden collapse; the ‘up’ effectively prevents any such thing happening.

I never said a word about his chronic raised thumb, which I have focused on previously. I picked that particular strategy because it seemed to resonate with his self-experience, how he experiences himself as he plays… We’ll see if it bears fruit!

AFF

strength in piano technique

Wednesday, December 16th, 2009

I was given a graphic lesson the other day in just how crucial sheer strength is to a well-developed piano technique. Kemal Gekic was trying out the pianos for his recital on Monday in Novi Sad, and he asked me to play a bit because it was difficult to decide between an old Steinway that had a noble but tired sound and a new Kawai that had a beautiful set of upper partials but somehow sounded like a toy beside the Steinway.

I played a few things that he had tried so he could hear the repertoire in question and I realized quite quickly that although I played well, with a differentiated, well-orchestrated sound that had real buzz and shimmer in it, my sound simply was about half the volume of his. I attempted to jack up the volume and quickly found my hand scrambling to maintain its optimal organization. There was a tendency to return to a less sophisticated hand in the attempt to squeeze more sheer volume out of the instrument though I knew that in fact the more sophisticated hand would do a better job.

It was nice to have a practical situation in which the necessity to integrate quickly what I have been cultivating lately was literally forced upon me!

By the way, interestingly enough he picked the Kawai and played one of the most wonderful recitals I have heard from him over the years. An incredible plethora of colours and expressive worlds, no forcing, no overblown statements and yet incredibly daring in the way he would stretch a phrase to make a point.

AFF

Accurate imitation a potent form of learning in piano technique

Thursday, November 12th, 2009

I recently asked a student to watch the Horowitz silent movie of Chopin’s Etude Op 10 #8 in F major

( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbq-laOlYbc&feature=PlayList&p=E92A23B073119C01&index=18 )

and then imitate his movements. This was a very revealing exercise. Horowitz ‘cocks’ his fourth finger and then has it vigorously strike into the key as his hand goes over the thumb in the descending passages. His wrist stays virtually even. It looks like there’s an undulation of hand, wrist and arm but this actually only occurs as a passive result of the vigorous finger activity.

My student however took the visible undulation to be the main element, and left his fingers, especially the all-important fourth, virtually inert. This was of course this student’s classic habit, the one of which I have been trying to cure him for years. I was struck by the degree to which his habitual pianistic self-image overrode the perception of what Horowitz was actually doing, and rendered this potentially rich learning situation barren.

When I pointed out what he had done, and guided him to eventually really do what the film shows – THAT was real learning. What a change in his sound and his sense of capability!

AFF

Piano Technique Workshop: improve your thumb in Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata

Saturday, October 24th, 2009

Some of the simplest tasks are the most effective. The 3rd movement opening of Moonlight sonata, a student plays each 4-note 16th group with the standard “arm out to the side” movement to shape the group. But this pulls her thumb off the board so it’s not ready to play the first note of the next group. Then the arm movement she does make to play the next thumb note is so big that her thumb feels no need to work on its own, and becomes inert.

I kill two birds with one stone by having her play the first five notes very quickly and overhold the last two. try that now: play G#-C#-E-G#-C# and hold on to your fifth finger G# while standing firmly on your thumb C#. The two outside digits of your hand make pylons that stand your hand right up like a bridge. The movement was so quick that your arm had no time to do its normal garbage but went straight to the goal. It moved your thumb in towards the backboard instead of pulling it away. And the arrival on the thumb’s C# was so sudden that it galvanizes your thumb into potent activity. The thumb really moves to save itself from collapsing!

One more thing: I noticed my student moving her thumb mostly from the middle joint. When I told her the joint from which the thumb should move is at the wrist, this helped it immediately become effective in its action.

Voila, problem solved – I wish they were all that easy!

AFF

New Horowitz Steinway clips now on YouTube

Monday, October 19th, 2009

Awhile back I wrote about my experiences on the Horowitz Steinway – I am happy to announce that a couple of clips are now up and running on YouTube. For instance there’s

Mozart sonata K. 283, 2nd movement Andante

… or this one,

Chopin’s slow, elegiac A minor Mazurka

It was interesting to watch myself, to see to what extent I ‘do what I say,’ and to what extent I do something else. One of the main reasons I developed my approach was to solve my own set of bad habits – on the Horowitz Steinway you can see me instinctively reducing those habits to a minimum. I overmove a lot less than usual – I HAD to reduce it to gain the finest control over the instrument. But there are still some moves that, if reduced further, internalized more, would open up the finesse of my phrasing even more.

As a work in progress, these clips fascinate me… I hope that musically they will please you.

AFF

“Cocking the metacarpals” in piano technique

Wednesday, September 16th, 2009

I am in Miami at present, editing a pretty amazing set of Chopin etudes that Kemal recorded last June in Japan. We got to talking about bench height the other day and he mentioned a new reason for sitting low (which we all love to do). To make the hand’s arch function easily and efficiently on the keyboard, it doesn’t make sense that one side of the arch be horizontal (the hand itself – the metacarpals) while the other be almost vertical (the fingers). Cocking the hand back allows the two sides of the arch to be more equal – if you do it you’ll notice that the fingers instantly move more easily. However, the “cocking” motion itself can create strain – it requires a certain effort. This effort is reduced if the elbow is lower than the keyboard. The forearm now slopes down to the elbow and the hand, even if it is parallel to the forearm instead of being cocked back, already has this slant down from the metacarpal-phalangeal joints to the wrist. Voila, you have the arch available to you without having to cultivate it!

Kemal also mentioned to me the necessity of building the arch of the fifth finger. For years he let the hand lie more “naturally,” that is, with the fifth metacarpal-phalangeal joint slightly lower than the second metacarpal-phalangeal, because this allows the fifth freer movement. However, to get really great voicings in chords it is necessary to build up the angle of the fifth finger to the hand, to build it to a full 90 degrees. This actually necessitates stiffening it slightly, thus reducing its overall moveability. But what you gain in richness and variety of voicing, not only of the top voice but of the inner voices of a chord as well, makes the sacrifice worthwhile.

More later!

AFF

Knees and piano technique??

Saturday, August 29th, 2009

Originally posted September 27th, 2007

That’s right… As you sit and read this, move one knee slightly forward. You may notice that it is impossible to do it without a slight movement of the pelvis as well. Lately as I have returned to some thorny passages that over the years have obstinately refused to become easy to play, I notice that although I have cultivated a non-collapsed hand for years, somehow somewhere in there, there still exists some insidious form of micro-collapse. I also notice that as this collapse is happening, I cannot rock my pelvis. I have fallen into Arnold Schultz’s idea of stabilizing the hip joints to provide a fulcrum to the levers higher up the body.

If I overtly rock my pelvis the movement tends to be too big – it disturbs rather than enlightens. But if I attend to the moveability of my knee, it helps my pelvis stay free and moveable without my overtly moving it. So as your hand comes into the keyboard, let your knee ease forward a tiny amount, literally a millimeter or two… Does your hand sense its innate structural potency any more clearly when you do this? Does it better understand how to stand freely, floatingly?

Not only link a slight movement of your knees to the movements of your hand, but also sense that when your finger starts using a non-aligned, effortful action to move the key, the level of tension rises in your thigh, all along the underside of your leg from your pelvis to your knee, and also very often perceptibly in your calf muscle and foot. Release the tension anywhere in your leg by returning to sense your sitz bones and your pelvis’s capacity to ease gently forward or back or left or right on those two points of stability, and simultaneously sensing how your hand could return to its empowered neutral, the point where it freely stands and has its greatest capacity to move in any direction.

Many will dismiss this kind of work as a useless distraction – “Think of MUSIC! LISTEN! All this attention to physical sensation is pouring from emptiness into the void,” they say. I can understand the mindset very well, but I also know that physical sensation is the great teacher for body organization – we are not just losing ourselves in a morass of sensation here, we are attending to specific sensations that educate a certain function, one that will empower our musicianship and ultimately allow us even to listen better!

Even if you want to, you may find that you simply cannot tune in to the kinds of fine sensations I describe. I have years of Feldenkrais lessons behind me where I developed a heightened sensitivity to my own kinesthetic self-image. People new to the game may well become skeptical just because the sensations I describe are imperceptible to them. I guess that’s a risk that comes with the territory…

AFF

Hips, neck, hands and heart… new insights into piano technique

Saturday, August 29th, 2009

I’ve finally restored all my old blog posts, sadly deleted many months ago when a distinctly unfriendly virus struck the blog. Since then, many new events in my own developing technique (What? My technique is still developing after a film and two books? Indeed so, it just keeps getting richer and richer…). Since last December my experiences on the Horowitz Steinway have slowly been integrating into a completely transformed sound, emotional expression and physical feel as I sit at the piano.

Hips: I am much more aware of tension within and around my hip joint. Keeping a clear sense of how my sitz bones press into the bench is the first step in catching the extra effort exerted through my upper leg, an effort always related to something not being right in my hand’s relation to the keyboard.

Sam Slutsky, my Tai Chi teacher in Montreal, keeps referring to “inversion” and I find this a useful term. It means that a bone that should be above its neighbour is below it; one that should be behind feels as though it is trying to be in front. Sensing “inversion” is a practical way of sensing when things aren’t right skeletally – the feeling of inversion is the result of bones being out of alignment.

Most of us stand with our pelvis too far forward on our hip joints. The thrust-back posterior of the African native is much closer to a functional skeletality than what you see in most modern, ‘civilized’ humans! Stand with your feet at a 45 degree angle, your weight on your back foot, and slowly begin to move your back hip even further back – feel what that does to the ball and socket joint where your femur joins your pelvis. There is a lot of room back there that we don’t use, but when we do avail ourselves of that “posterior space,” the pelvis socket can finally rest on the most ergonomically efficient part of the femur ball. If we don’t find that space, we constantly carry too much tension in those hip joints.

Hands: For pianists, a major and frequently seen inversion is right in the hand: the thumb not making an effort to stay under the second metacarpal. There is an actual effort needed here, of the thumb wanting to sweep itself under the hand (even if it can’t actually do it). This is corollary to the effort needed in the hip joint to stand on one leg – a considerable effort to say the least! We don’t realize just how much strength is needed to keep those bones well-aligned. This active effort of the thumb is diametrically opposed to the oft-seen, counterproductive effort to lift itself (a vain effort to help out the hand’s arch that I call pianistic co-dependence).

Stand on one leg, and then let the hip of your non-standing leg fall as far as possible towards the ground. It feels pretty awkward, right? Imagine trying to walk if you had to let your hip fall like that at every step. But many of us do just that pianistically – our thumb is chronically “above” our hand.

Now return your hip to its normal position. Do you feel how much strength is needed to keep it in place? Do you notice how good this feels compared to the collapsed hip? Resolving the thumb/hand inversion in your playing requires equivalent strength, and it should also give you similar pianistic satisfaction.

Neck: When my thumb does this inversion I instantly feel tension in my ‘neck cords.’  These are the scaleni muscles connecting the cervical spine to the shoulder girdle, and they are intimately involved with our hands. Tuning into scaleni tension is another way of alerting myself to pianistic inversion and doing something positive about it.

I become more able to reduce tension in my neck as well as in my hip, the more my hand’s  “hip joints” starts making a healthy effort to stand as it should…

All this leads to a more neutral overall relationship to the piano, which in turn gives me a much more dynamic relationship to the music. I have far greater dynamic range with far less effort. In fact, the reduction of effort is necessary to open up the dynamic range – and it will happen as long as I remain skeletal.

But this overall reduction in effort is facilitated by a vastly increased effort in certain key places. This is also a part of skeletality.

The other amazing thing is the increased intensity of emotional expression. An ‘empowered neutral’ body seems to be the ideal vehicle for deeply felt emotion, without the maudlin quality of so much ‘acted’ emotion we see and hear, that kind that just doesn’t satisfy…

more to come…

AFF

The Horowitz Steinway – the ultimate challenge in piano technique

Saturday, August 29th, 2009

Originally posted December 15th, 2008

It just keeps getting better. Today we started at noon and finished when they closed the store up at 6. I played for four hours, then Misha played for an hour, and then when I had thought I was completely exhausted and couldn’t possibly do anything more, his playing inspired me, drew me back to the piano like a magnet, and then the most interesting part began.

I had watched his hands and listened to his sound closely, like a hawk. When I sat down again, I found myself drawn by some invisible impulse to play differently than before, to become even more liquidly skeletal and just melt into the piano to find an even juicier tone, a more stark difference in dynamic levels between melody and accompaniment. Let’s say I had been getting silvery sheen surrounding each note, but now, with a slightly fatter sense of the melodic finger in key (but not produced by anything like a heavier touch) that sheen started shifting in hue, becoming more golden. Imagine a painter painting in the style of Seurat with tiny dot brush strokes and then switching to a slightly fatter brush for wider daubs of colour, let’s say more like Van Gogh. The colour seems just as rich, perhaps richer, but there’s a slight loss of differentiation, of fine variegation.

Misha asked me, “What are you doing, the silver sheen of your sound went away.”

“But Misha, now I am doing what you did, look! It’s great!”

“Yes I see you are doing it more like me now, but the sound is worse.”

That surprised and puzzled me, but anyway I went back to a hand that stands up more rather than melting in to the keyboard, and my silveriness came back. It was another stunning demonstration that on this piano, less is more – less effort gives more riches of tone and expression. Then Misha sat and tried to imitate what I had been doing and lo and behold, his sound acquired that differentiated quality, it was even richer than before. “Hey, this is what I have been trying to find all week!”  says Misha… Each note was somehow more defined but in the opposite of a rough way… there was more space between each of his notes, and that space got filled up with sheen and colour instead of emptiness. The metallic (but in a positive sense) sheen the Horowitz Steinway is capable of producing is nothing short of miraculous.

In a way, this week has been the culmination of a 30-year search. Our experience bears out everything I write in my book, plus everything from the second book which is not out yet (be patient please, because now there are going to be a couple of new chapters written before that one is done!). We took the principles of orchestrated differentiated sound, and how best to produce that sound, and applied it in a medium of undreamed of responsiveness. The instrument gave back to us so much more than we ever expected.

Tension anywhere in your body stops the magic happening.

But inaccurate skeletal alignment anywhere in your body  also stops it happening. You need to stay poised, alert in every way, physically vital and mentally astute like a hawk. Such heightened concentration completely lacking in tension or effort is something we are not used to striving for. 

My thanks go to Steinway – to the people who made this instrument back in the ’40’s, to the tuners who brought it up to this amazingly high level of performance, and to Steinway’s present management which makes this wonderful gift available to us.

And I venture to be so bold as to offer a piece of advice to any pianist lucky enough to play this instrument: don’t bring your normal arsenal of fireworks to it. Don’t think that banging it or trying to produce a big, explosive sound will even remotely allow you to enter Horowitz’s aural-expressive world. The impression that he banged is all illusion. You must change everything about your playing if you want to have any chance at all of unlocking its secrets. That is why so many pianists don’t like it – they bring their normal technique to it.

You can learn so much from this instrument if you give it the chance to teach you. But to do that you must abandon everything you have brought with you and enter an unknown world of finer touch, greater sensitivity, and a new, calm, almost disinterested centeredness deep within oneself. The power that can be expressed on this instrument is huge, almost dangerous in its electric intensity, but it is of a totally new order – it comes only from “non-power.” Of course you can look for these qualities no matter what instrument you play, but none will reveal so much to you about your internal processes as this one…

If Kemal Gekic, one of the top virutosi in the world today, can feel moved to rebuild his technique from the ground up on the basis of just a few precious hours on this instrument, don’t you think that maybe you too could benefit, if you give yourself the chance?

So, in preparation: demand more from yourself in terms of orchestration. Don’t be satisfied just to learn the text. When you can perform the piece at tempo from memory, look upon that as the starting point, not the end point, and start looking for colours. And start finding new ways to produce them – force yourself on purpose into unusual pianistic situations, things that throw you out of your usual habits. Throw yourself into the deep end and then learn to swim!

When you finally sit at this instrument, you will see the reason for this unusual preparation – all will be clear.

AFF